ST-LINE technical insights: embedded hardware and firmware (ARM, RISC-V), scientific software, acoustics (ISO 9613-2) and medical-device regulatory topics.https://www.stline.it/en-UShttps://www.stline.it/en/blog/cyber-resilience-act-prodotti-connessi/https://www.stline.it/en/blog/cyber-resilience-act-prodotti-connessi/A guide to the Cyber Resilience Act for connected products: classification, requirements, SBOM, supply chain, Article 14 and an embedded worked example.Thu, 17 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMTregolatoriocyber-resilience-actcybersecurityconnected-productsiotce-compliancesbominfo@stline.it (ST-LINE)https://www.stline.it/en/blog/iso-9613-2-amd1-cosa-cambia/https://www.stline.it/en/blog/iso-9613-2-amd1-cosa-cambia/The draft amendment rewrites Dz and Kmet in Clause 7.4 and restores their 1996 form. How much the numbers move, the two errata in Annexes A and B, and why the third edition already in drafting argues against hard-coding anything.Thu, 03 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMTregolatorioiso-9613-2standardsenvironmental-acousticsdiffractionbarriersdeep-diveinfo@stline.it (ST-LINE)https://www.stline.it/en/blog/aggiornamento-motore-acustico-agosto-2026/https://www.stline.it/en/blog/aggiornamento-motore-acustico-agosto-2026/A code review by a qualified acoustician found seven wrong properties in the engine of both tools: A_bar added on top of the ground effect, K_met given the wrong distance, non-conservative source discretisation, unnormalised spectra.Wed, 26 Aug 2026 00:00:00 GMTacusticaacmapnoise-barrier-calciso-9613-2releasesdiffractionopenstreetmapopen-sourceinfo@stline.it (ST-LINE)https://www.stline.it/en/blog/dbvisual-form-sheet-report-in-locale/https://www.stline.it/en/blog/dbvisual-form-sheet-report-in-locale/Three pillars taken from a commercial product, a deployment model turned upside down: a local app, no cloud and no remote account, where everything derives from a JSON query-spec and a single compiler.Wed, 26 Aug 2026 00:00:00 GMTsoftwarevisualdbpythonniceguisqlalchemypostgresqlduckdblow-codeopen-sourceinfo@stline.it (ST-LINE)https://www.stline.it/en/blog/vibrazioni-quale-domanda/https://www.stline.it/en/blog/vibrazioni-quale-domanda/Disturbance to people, damage to the building, worker exposure, sensitive equipment: four questions with four standards, four quantities and four thresholds. Establishing which one is being asked comes before any measurement.Wed, 26 Aug 2026 00:00:00 GMTacusticavibrationuni-9614uni-9916iso-2631d-lgs-81-08accelerometersmeasurementinfo@stline.it (ST-LINE)https://www.stline.it/en/blog/fdtd-raysound-validazione-bras/https://www.stline.it/en/blog/fdtd-raysound-validazione-bras/Why an acoustic simulator that only solves the forward problem isn't enough at design time, and what makes an acoustic number defensible: closed-form limits, conservation identities and measurement.Thu, 25 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMTacusticaroom-acousticsfdtdraysoundbrasinverse-designopen-sourceinfo@stline.it (ST-LINE)https://www.stline.it/en/blog/acustica-sale-intelligibilita/https://www.stline.it/en/blog/acustica-sale-intelligibilita/Rooms where speech is hard to understand: the link between reverberation time, C50 clarity and intelligibility, and how to estimate and design the absorption.Wed, 24 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMTacusticaintelligibilityreverberationc50stiabsorptionroom-simulatorinfo@stline.it (ST-LINE)https://www.stline.it/en/blog/bring-up-mcu-quarzo-uart/https://www.stline.it/en/blog/bring-up-mcu-quarzo-uart/Two embedded bring-up classics: the crystal that won't oscillate from wrong load capacitance and the unreadable UART from a baud-rate error — both diagnosed.Wed, 24 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMTfirmwarefirmwarebring-upcrystaluartbaud-rateclockembeddedinfo@stline.it (ST-LINE)https://www.stline.it/en/blog/endianness-ieee754-byte/https://www.stline.it/en/blog/endianness-ieee754-byte/Read a 32-bit float register and get absurd numbers: big vs little endian, IEEE 754 decomposition and two's complement. How to decode the bytes correctly.Wed, 24 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMTsoftwareendiannessieee-754floating-pointtwos-complementmodbusbyte-orderdebugginginfo@stline.it (ST-LINE)https://www.stline.it/en/blog/fft-leakage-finestre/https://www.stline.it/en/blog/fft-leakage-finestre/Spectral leakage in the FFT: why an off-bin sine corrupts the read amplitude and masks weak nearby tones. Hann, Blackman, flat-top windows and ENBW for noise.Wed, 24 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMTsoftwarefftdspspectral-leakagewindowinghannenbwsignalsinfo@stline.it (ST-LINE)https://www.stline.it/en/blog/filtro-analogico-o-digitale/https://www.stline.it/en/blog/filtro-analogico-o-digitale/When a filter must be analog (anti-aliasing, EMI rejection) and when a digital IIR is better: tunable, steep, reproducible. A decision made before the ADC.Wed, 24 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMThardwarehardwarefiltersanti-aliasingadcdspiirsignal-processinginfo@stline.it (ST-LINE)https://www.stline.it/en/blog/incertezza-misura-gum/https://www.stline.it/en/blog/incertezza-misura-gum/Uncertainty budget per the GUM guide: type A vs B, /√3 and /√6 divisors, quadrature combination and expanded uncertainty U=k·u_c for a defensible calibration.Wed, 24 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMTsoftwaremetrologyuncertaintygumjcgmcalibrationuncertainty-budgetmeasurementinfo@stline.it (ST-LINE)https://www.stline.it/en/blog/mipi-csi2-banda-camera/https://www.stline.it/en/blog/mipi-csi2-banda-camera/Dimensioning the MIPI CSI-2 camera link: from resolution, fps and bits-per-pixel to Gbps and lane count. The traps of blanking, lane rate, RAW vs YUV.Wed, 24 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMThardwarehardwaremipicsi-2cameraimagingbandwidthbring-upinfo@stline.it (ST-LINE)https://www.stline.it/en/blog/iso-9613-2-2024-diffrazione-barriere/https://www.stline.it/en/blog/iso-9613-2-2024-diffrazione-barriere/The second edition rewrites Dz and Kmet and introduces the z_min threshold. The formulas side by side, the reason stated by the standard itself, and how much the numbers move for low barriers and long distances.Fri, 22 May 2026 00:00:00 GMTregolatorioiso-9613-2standardsenvironmental-acousticsdiffractionbarriersdeep-diveinfo@stline.it (ST-LINE)https://www.stline.it/en/blog/osm-data-limits/https://www.stline.it/en/blog/osm-data-limits/Footprint coverage and estimated heights: how OpenStreetMap data quality affects the acoustic propagation and diffraction calculation, and when to trust it.Thu, 21 May 2026 00:00:00 GMTacusticaOpenStreetMapOverpass APIData qualityAcousticsinfo@stline.it (ST-LINE)https://www.stline.it/en/blog/sei-strumenti-acustica-nel-browser/https://www.stline.it/en/blog/sei-strumenti-acustica-nel-browser/Level composition, differential criterion, Maekawa explorer, LEX,8h, reverberation time and DPR 142/04 road-noise check: six free browser tools, sharing their physics engine with acmap and barrier-calculator.Thu, 21 May 2026 00:00:00 GMTacusticaacustica-ambientalestrumentirilascibrowser-toolsiso-3744dpr-142info@stline.it (ST-LINE)https://www.stline.it/en/blog/tools-acustici-online/https://www.stline.it/en/blog/tools-acustici-online/ST-LINE Open Lab's two browser acoustic tools are live: acmap v0.5 for surveys and propagation and noise-barrier-calc v0.8 for insertion loss — open source.Tue, 19 May 2026 00:00:00 GMTacusticaiso-9613-2maekawaenvironmental-acousticsopen-lableafletbrowser-toolsinfo@stline.it (ST-LINE)https://www.stline.it/en/blog/netprobe-network-visibility-pmi/https://www.stline.it/en/blog/netprobe-network-visibility-pmi/NetProbe, a passive on-premise network probe with local AI for Italian SMEs: from an internal NIS2/ISO 27001 audit tool to a product. Status and architecture.Thu, 14 May 2026 00:00:00 GMTsoftwarenetprobenetwork-securitycompliancesmenis2on-premiselocal-aiinfo@stline.it (ST-LINE)https://www.stline.it/en/blog/stm32n6-uvc-h264-nucleo-port/https://www.stline.it/en/blog/stm32n6-uvc-h264-nucleo-port/ST's new STM32N6 puts a Cortex-M55 with Helium, an ISP, a hardware H.264 encoder and an NPU on one chip. We ported the official UVC demo from EVAL to Nucleo.Tue, 21 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMTfirmwarestm32stm32n6imagingvideouvch264embeddedinfo@stline.it (ST-LINE)https://www.stline.it/en/blog/arducam-evk-gui-featured/https://www.stline.it/en/blog/arducam-evk-gui-featured/We had written a Python GUI to characterise a difficult CMOS sensor. Months later, a technical email to Arducam changed the nature of the open-source tool.Tue, 14 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMTsoftwareopen-sourcepythonarducamtoolingimaginginfo@stline.it (ST-LINE)https://www.stline.it/en/blog/usbpd-stack-portable-cross-platform/https://www.stline.it/en/blog/usbpd-stack-portable-cross-platform/NXP's USB-PD middleware runs natively on NXP. We refactored it to run on ESP32-S3, STM32 and Arduino as well — with a clean HAL adapter and a single policy engine.Tue, 07 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMTfirmwareusb-pdembeddedhalstm32esp32-s3arduinoopen-sourceinfo@stline.it (ST-LINE)https://www.stline.it/en/blog/imaging-highspeed-wireless-clinical/https://www.stline.it/en/blog/imaging-highspeed-wireless-clinical/Capturing 250 fps at VGA on an STM32N6 and streaming H.264 over Wi-Fi 6 for 30 minutes. The bottleneck isn't where the datasheet tells you — it's the channel.Tue, 31 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMThardwarestm32stm32n6imaginghigh-speedwifiwirelessh264medicalembeddedinfo@stline.it (ST-LINE)https://www.stline.it/en/blog/benvenuti/https://www.stline.it/en/blog/benvenuti/We're opening a space to share the technical decisions, field lessons, and tools we use to build electronics, firmware, software, acoustics and medical devices.Tue, 24 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMTregolatoriometabloginfo@stline.it (ST-LINE)